DMG

  NLM database Documents

Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Magnesium status in chronically haemodialyzed patients: the role of dialysate magnesium concentration.

Author

Gonella M; Calabrese G

Address

Servizio di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ente Ospedaliero, Casale Monferrato, Italy.

Source

Magnes Res, 1989 Dec, 2:4, 259-65

Abstract

Serum magnesium concentration (sMg) increases in advanced renal failure, and in patients on regular dialysis treatment Mg status mainly depends upon the dialysate Mg concentration (dMg). In fact in uraemia, whereas the intracellular (muscle and blood cell) Mg content seems similar to that of normals and not to be influenced by dMg, the extracellular fluid Mg level as well as Mg content in some organs (skin, bone, etc) parallel the dMg. In the present paper, Mg status and its clinical implications in patients on regular dialysis treatment were therefore reviewed in an attempt to define an optimal dMg. Up to now, dialysis patients have been kept hypermagnesaemic on the assumption that a high sMg suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion (PTH), although this hypothesis has not been confirmed in later papers. On the other hand, more recent clinical studies suggest the possibility of noxious effects of Mg overload on various organs. Therefore, future trends should be towards reducing dMg to such values as will allow sMg to fluctuate across the normal range both in the interdialytic and intradialytic period. The more widespread use of Mg-containing phosphate binders implies the need of a further reduction of dMg which, however, carries the risk of symptomatic postdialytic hypomagnesaemia. Thus, since Mg is retained in uraemia and should be removed by dialysis, it is difficult to associate the use of Mg-containing drugs with an optimal dMg while avoiding severe hypermagnesaemia and hypomagnesaemia.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

90380950

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Dialysis Solutions|*PD; Hemodialysis|*; Magnesium|*ME/PD

MeSH Heading

Human; Uremia|BL

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL

ISSN

0953-1424

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Immunomodulating properties of dimethylglycine in humans.

Author

Graber CD; Goust JM; Glassman AD; Kendall R; Loadholt CB

Address

 

Source

J Infect Dis, 1981 Jan, 143:1, 101-5

Abstract

Dimethylglycine (DMG), a tertiary amino acid, has had wide acceptance as a nonfuel nutrient; presumably it enhances oxygen utilization by tissue and complexes free radicals. Its potential as an immunoadjuvant has also been suggested by a study of an analog of DMG, calcium pangamate. A double-blind study in 20 human volunteers showed a fourfold increase in antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in those receiving DMG orally as compared with controls (P less than 0.01). Production of leukocyte inhibitory factor in response to concanavalin A was similar in the two groups, but those taking DMG tablets had a significantly highr mean response of leukocyte inhibition factor to streptokinase-streptodornase (P less than 0.001). The in vitro responses of lymphocytes from patients with diabetes and those with sickle cell disease to phytohemagglutinin, convanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were increased almost threefold after addition of DMA. These results suggest that DMG enhances both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in humans.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

81169354

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Adjuvants, Immunologic|*PD; Glycine|*AA; Immunity|*DE; Sarcosine|*AA/PD

MeSH Heading

Administration, Oral; Adolescence; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial|AN; Bacterial Vaccines|IM; Clinical Trials; Double-Blind Method; Human; Immunity, Cellular|DE; Middle Age; Streptococcus pneumoniae|IM; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type

CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0022-1899

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Greatly enhanced inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in CEM and HT4-6C cells by 3'-deoxythymidine diphosphate dimyristoylglycerol, a lipid prodrug of 3'-deoxythymidine.

Author

Hostetler KY; Richman DD; Carson DA; Stuhmiller LM; van Wijk GM; van den Bosch H

Address

Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego.

Source

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1992 Sep, 36:9, 2025-9

Abstract

3'-Deoxythymidine (3dT) is a weakly active dideoxynucleoside in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells because of its slow phosphorylation by cellular thymidine kinase. 3dT diphosphate dimyristoylglycerol (3dTDP-DMG), a phospholipid prodrug, was synthesized and found in vitro to be 18- to 50-fold more effective than 3dT in CEM and HT4-6C cells. In CEM cells, the selectivity index of 3dTDP-DMG was 270 versus 48 for 3dT, an increase of 5.6-fold. In thymidine kinase-deficient mutant CEM cells infected with HIV, 3dT and zidovudine (AZT) were virtually inactive but 3dTDP-DMG retained substantial activity, suggesting that its greatly increased antiviral activity is due in part to bypass of thymidine kinase. 3dTDP-DMG was 14- to 37-fold more active than 3dT in AZT-sensitive and AZT-resistant clinical isolates of HIV; no cross-resistance with AZT was noted. The results suggest that lipid prodrugs may be utilized in some cases to confer unique metabolic advantages over the corresponding free nucleoside; in the case of 3dTDP-DMG, an 18- to 50-fold increase in antiretroviral activity was observed in LAV-infected cells. The strategy would seem to be especially useful for antiviral nucleosides which are poorly phosphorylated.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

93037350

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Antiviral Agents|*PD; HIV-1|*DE/PH; Phospholipids|*PD; Prodrugs|*PD; Thymidine|*PD; Thymine Nucleotides|*PD; Virus Replication|*DE

MeSH Heading

Cell Line; Human; Plaque Assay; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; T-Lymphocytes|MI; Zidovudine|PD

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0066-4804

Country of Publication

NITED STATES

Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Improved bone morphology by normalizing serum magnesium in chronically hemodialyzed patients.

Author

Gonella M; Ballanti P; Della Rocca C; Calabrese G; Pratesi G; Vagelli G; Mazzotta A; Bonucci E

Address

Servizio di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ente Ospedaliero, Casale Monferrato, Italia.

Source

Miner Electrolyte Metab, 1988, 14:4, 240-5

Abstract

The dialysate magnesium concentration (dMg) was reduced from 1 to 0.5 mEq/l in a group of patients on chronic hemodialysis (RDT). Serum parameters and bone biopsy findings were evaluated before and after a 1-year period on the lower dMg. All patients were receiving only calcium carbonate before and during the study period. Serum magnesium (sMg) decreased significantly and fell in the normal range with low dMg, whereas the other serum parameters did not change significantly except serum phosphorous which increased, still remaining within the normal limits. Furthermore, a significant reduction of the osteomalacia pattern (evaluated by osteoid volume, osteoid surface and osteoid thickness index) was observed in all patients after 1 year on dMg of 0.5 mEq/l, whereas there was no significant variation in bone resorption patterns (resorption surface and osteoclasts). Therefore, normal sMg is recommended in RDT patients, by arranging their dMg according to individual need, in the hypothesis that high bone Mg content, attributed to hypermagnesemia, could interfere with the mineralization process.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89096729

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Bone and Bones|AN/*PA; Electrolytes|*BL; Hemodialysis|*; Magnesium|*BL

MeSH Heading

Adult; Aluminum|AN; Biopsy; Female; Human; Kidney Failure, Chronic|BL/PA/TH; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0378-0392

Country of Publication

SWITZERLAND

Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Insensitivity of the routine dimethylglyoxime test for detecting release of nickel from earrings.

Author

Pönkä A; Ekman A

Address

Helsinki City Centre of the Environment, Finland.

Source

Sci Total Environ, 1998 Dec 11, 224:1-3, 161-5

Abstract

The Helsinki City Centre of the Environment tested two methods, dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), for detecting nickel release in piercing earrings. The DMG screening test was performed in two slightly different ways, with and without ethanol and heat prehandling. All 30 pairs of earrings tested, totalling 66 objects, were negative. However, according to our AAS test, 25 of the 66 objects (38%) released > or = 0.05% of nickel, the mean amount being 2.1% and the maximum 12%. When measured by AAS after artificial sweat treatment, 11 objects released more than 0.5 microgram/cm2 per week of nickel, the mean amount being 3.4 micrograms/cm2 and the range < 0.1-84 micrograms/cm2. After this sweat treatment, nine of the objects (14%) were positive in DMG tests. These findings indicate that the DMG test is unreliable for detecting nickel release from jewelry. Quality control of consumer items should be performed by laboratories that have quantitative analysis methods for such investigations.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

99125254

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Chemistry, Analytical|*MT; Ear, External|*; Nickel|*AN; Oximes|*CH

MeSH Heading

Comparative Study; Human; Punctures; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0048-9697

Country of Publication

NETHERLANDS

CAS Registry/EC Number

0 (Oximes); 7440-02-0 (Nickel); 95-45-4 (dimethylglyoxime)

 

Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Simple method for the routine determination of betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine in blood and urine.

Author

Laryea MD; Steinhagen F; Pawliczek S; Wendel U

Address

Heinrich-Heine University, Children's Hospital, Metabolic Unit, DÂusseldorf, Germany. Laryea@uni-duesseldorf.de

Source

Clin Chem, 1998 Sep, 44:9, 1937-41

Abstract

A simple and convenient method using commercially available derivatization reagents is described for the measurement of betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) in blood and urine. Precolumn derivatization of plasma or urine is performed directly in acetonitrile without extraction with p-bromophenacyl bromide and crown ether as catalyst. The p-bromophenacyl ester derivatives are then separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, using an isocratic system of acetonitrile and water containing choline. Effluent was monitored at 254 nm. The limit of detection was 5 micromol/L for betaine and 2 micromol/L for DMG. Analytical recovery was >97% for both analytes. Total and within-day CVs were 2.0-4.4% and 0.9-2.2% for DMG. For betaine, the total and within-day CVs were 1.3-5.3% and 0.4-3.8%, respectively. The method is precise and cost-effective and has been used successfully to determine the concentrations of DMG and betaine in human plasma and urine.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

98401816

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Betaine|*BL/*UR; Sarcosine|*AA/BL/UR

MeSH Heading

Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Human; Infant; Middle Age; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0009-9147

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Validation of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiographic measurements of mitral and tricuspid prosthetic valve gradients: a simultaneous Doppler-catheter study.

Author

Wilkins GT; Gillam LD; Kritzer GL; Levine RA; Palacios IF; Weyman AE

Address

 

Source

Circulation, 1986 Oct, 74:4, 786-95

Abstract

For patients with stenotic native valves, the modified Bernoulli equation (delta P = 4V2) may be applied to Doppler-measured transvalvular velocities to yield an accurate estimate of transvalvular gradients. Although it would be useful if the same approach could be used for those with stenotic prosthetic valves, no previous study has validated the Doppler technique in this setting. We therefore recorded simultaneous continuous-wave Doppler flow profiles and transvalvular manometric gradients in 12 catheterized patients in whom all atrial and ventricular pressures were directly measured (transseptal left atrial catheterization and transthoracic ventricular puncture were performed where necessary). A total of 13 prostheses were studied: 11 mitral (seven porcine, three Starr-Edwards, and one Björk-Shiley) and two tricuspid (one porcine and one Björk-Shiley). The Doppler-determined mean gradient was calculated as the mean of the instantaneous gradients (delta P = 4V2) at 10 msec intervals throughout diastole. The correlation of simultaneous Doppler (DMG) and manometric mean gradients (MG) for the whole group (n = 13) demonstrated a highly significant relationship (MG = 1.07 DMG + 0.28; r = .96, p = .0001). The correlation was equally good for porcine valves alone (n = 8) (MG = 1.06 DMG + 0.55; r = .96, p = .001) and for mechanical valves alone (n = 5) (MG = 1.06 DMG - 0.04; r = .93, p = .02). In a subset of patients without regurgitation (n = 8), prosthetic valve areas were estimated by two Doppler methods originally described by Holen and Hatle, as well as by the invasive Gorlin method. As expected from theoretical considerations, a close correlation was not demonstrated between results of the Gorlin method and those of either Hatle's Doppler method (r = .65, fp = NS) or Holen's method (r = .14, p = NS). Comparison of the results of the two Doppler methods yielded a somewhat closer correlation (r = .73, p less than or equal to .05). These results suggest that in patients with disk-occluder, ball-occluder, and porcine prosthetic valves, Doppler estimates of transvalvular gradients are virtually identical to those obtained invasively.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

87002938

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Echocardiography|*MT; Heart Valve Prosthesis|*/AE

MeSH Heading

Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Comparative Study; Constriction, Pathologic|DI; Evaluation Studies; Female; Heart Catheterization; Heart Valve Diseases|DI/ET; Human; Male; Manometry; Middle Age; Mitral Valve; Pressure; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tricuspid Valve

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0009-7322

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Defect in dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, a new inborn error of metabolism: NMR spectroscopy study.

Author

Moolenaar SH; Poggi Bach J; Engelke UF; Corstiaensen JM; Heerschap A; de Jong JG; Binzak BA; Vockley J; Wevers RA

Address

Institute of Neurology, University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Source

Clin Chem, 1999 Apr, 45:4, 459-64

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A38-year-old man presented with a history of fish odor (since age 5) and unusual muscle fatigue with increased serum creatine kinase. Our aim was to identify the metabolic error in this new condition. METHODS: We used 1H NMR spectroscopy to study serum and urine from the patient. RESULTS: The concentration of N, N-dimethylglycine (DMG) was increased approximately 100-fold in the serum and approximately 20-fold in the urine. The presence of DMG as a storage product was confirmed by use of 13C NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The high concentration of DMG was caused by a deficiency of the enzyme dimethylglycine dehydrogenase (DMGDH). A homozygous missense mutation was found in the DMGDH gene of the patient. CONCLUSIONS: DMGDH deficiency must be added to the differential diagnosis of patients complaining of a fish odor. This deficiency is the first inborn error of metabolism discovered by use of in vitro 1H NMR spectroscopy of body fluids. Copyright 1999 American Association for Clinical Chemistry

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

99203382

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Metabolism, Inborn Errors|BL/*EN/PP/UR; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating|DF/*GE/UR

MeSH Heading

Adult; Case Report; Human; Male; Mass Fragmentography; Mutation, Missense; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Odors; Sarcosine|AA/UR; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0009-9147

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

N,N dimethylglycine and epilepsy.

Author

Gascon G; Patterson B; Yearwood K; Slotnick H

Address

Department of Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine, Fargo.

Source

Epilepsia, 1989 Jan, 30:1, 90-3

Abstract

Nineteen institutionalized patients with frequent seizures (group average two to three per day; seizure types--generalized, akinetic/myoclonic), were treated randomly with either placebo or N,N dimethylglycine (DMG) for 28 days. Dosage was 300 mg/day for the first 14 days and then 600 mg/day. Plasma levels were measured at baseline, days 2, 5, 8, 15, 22, 30, and 1 and 2 weeks after the study ended. No differences in seizure frequency were noted between placebo and DMG or between baseline and test conditions. No toxicity was noted.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

89107126

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Epilepsy|BL/*DT/PP; Glycine|*AA; Sarcosine|*AA/TU

MeSH Heading

Adolescence; Adult; Anticonvulsants|BL/TU; Clinical Trials; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type

CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

ISSN

0013-9580

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Serum magnesium and nerve conduction velocity in uraemic patients on chronic haemodialysis.

Author

Cisari C; Gasco P; Calabrese G; Pratesi G; Gonella M

Address

Servizio Recupero e Rieducazione Funzionale, Ente Ospedaliero, Casale Monferrato, Italy.

Source

Magnes Res, 1989 Dec, 2:4, 267-9

Abstract

In 18 patients on regular haemodialysis treatment, the dialysate magnesium concentration (dMg) was lowered (from 0.5 to 0.25 mmol/litre) and the correlation between serum Mg level (sMg) and nerve conduction velocity was investigated before and one year after dMg variation, in order to ascertain whether hypermagnesaemia plays a role in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy in patients on regular dialysis. The normalization of sMg (from 1.27 +/- SD 0.16 to 0.98 +/- 0.09 mmol/litre) did not result in any improvement in nerve conduction velocity, though such improvement has previously been reported; however, this discrepancy could be explained by the fact that sMg was not excessively high at the beginning of the study.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

90380951

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Dialysis Solutions|*PD; Hemodialysis|*; Magnesium|AD/*BL; Neural Conduction|*DE; Uremia|*BL/PP/TH

MeSH Heading

Adult; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0953-1424

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Microtiter particle agglutination test for diagnosis of leprosy.

Author

Dyachina MN; Lukin YV; Zubov VP; Bovin NV

Address

Leprosy Research Institute, Astrakhan, Russia.

Source

Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 1992 Dec, 60:4, 575-9

Abstract

The results of studying the microtiter particle agglutination (MPA) test for detecting anti-Mycobacterium leprae antibodies in blood sera are presented. The serodiagnostic test is based on the agglutination of colored polyacrolein latex microparticles (PAMP) conjugated with 3,6-di-O-methyl-D-glucose (DMG). Sera from 45 leprosy patients (LL, BL), 34 leprosy contacts, and 148 control subjects were investigated by the MPA test. A correlation between the anti-M. leprae antibodies and the bacterial load was found. In many long-treated leprosy patients increased titers of anti-DMG antibodies were observed, which might be due to specific polyneuritis in them. Four contacts of leprosy patients were also positive in the MPA test. "Nonleprosy" sera did not react in the test. The method proposed proved to be of high specificity and sensitivity for the serological diagnosis of leprosy. The rapidity, simplicity, and visual assessment of the results allow the method to be used in the field for epidemiological studies of leprosy contacts and the general population in leprosy-endemic areas.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

93232687

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Agglutination Tests|*MT; Leprosy|*DI

MeSH Heading

Acrolein; Antibodies, Bacterial|AN; Comparative Study; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Glycolipids|IM; Human; IgG|AN; Methylglucosides; Microspheres; Mycobacterium leprae|IM; Polymers; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0148-916X

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Altered urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion as an index of nephrotoxicity.

Author

Rashad FA; Vacca CV; Speroff T; Hall PW 3d

Address

Department of Radiology, Metro Health Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.

Source

Kidney Int Suppl, 1991 Nov, 34:, S18-20

Abstract

The experimental and clinical evidence indicate that beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) is actively reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by receptors on the brush border located in the proximal third of the proximal tubule. Increased beta 2m excretion in the absence of increased filtered load of beta 2m is indicative of nephrotoxicity. The data presented show that urine beta 2m increases and creatinine concentrations decrease within four hours of administration of diatrizoate megalumine (DMG). In 9 of the 20 patients, the urinary excretion of beta 2m (U beta 2m) increased to clearly abnormal values. In 12 of the 20 patients, the beta 2m excretion expressed as mg per g creatinine (Cr), increased from normal (less than 0.30) to an abnormal beta 2m excretion rate. The increased beta 2m excretion per g Cr occurring immediately after DMG administration lead us to conclude that this effect occurs when the nephrotoxic agent is present in the kidney. Based on these data we believe that the onset of abnormal urinary beta 2m excretion coincides with the presence of the causative agent. This criterion therefore, should prove to be useful in determining the time to conduct studies designed to search for the causative agent(s) in Balkan endemic nephropathy.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

92106691

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MeSH Heading (Major)

beta 2-Microglobulin|*UR; Kidney|DE/*PP

MeSH Heading

Adult; Aged; Angiography|AE; Balkan Nephropathy|DI/UR; Diatrizoate Meglumine|AE/DU; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0098-6577

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Human plasma and skin blister fluid levels of griseofulvin after its repeated administration.

Author

Schäfer Korting M; Korting HC; Mutschler E

Address

 

Source

Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1985, 29:3, 351-4

Abstract

Griseofulvin was administered orally to 6 healthy volunteers for 6 days. The subjects received 500 mg of a microsize formulation and 330 mg of an ultramicrosize formulation, according to a cross-over design. The drug was determined in plasma, suction blister fluid (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) following the last dose. Urinary excretion of the main metabolites 6-demethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) and its glucuronic acid conjugate was also measured. The pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with those obtained from a recent single dose experiment. On repeated administration, the bioavailability of griseofulvin was significantly lower from the microsize formulation; the urinary recovery of total 6-DMG was 33.8% versus 53.6% on administration of the ultramicrosize material. Bioavailability was reduced as compared to ingestion of a single dose. The reduction was more prominent following the microsize (36%) than the ultramicrosize (17%) formulation. Penetration into skin blister fluid was not altered as compared to the single dose experiment. Relative areas under the blister fluid-time curves amounted to 51% (SBF) and 80% (CBF) of the area under the plasma level-time curve. The concentration of unbound griseofulvin in these body fluids was identical throughout the entire dosage interval. Unbound griseofulvin levels were low in comparison with the minimum inhibitory concentrations for strains of trichophyton and microsporum.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

86082080

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blister|*ME; Griseofulvin|AA/BL/*ME

MeSH Heading

Body Fluids|ME; Human; Kinetics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-6970

Country of Publication

GERMANY, WEST

Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Human plasma and skin blister fluid levels of griseofulvin following a single oral dose.

Author

Schäfer Korting M; Korting HC; Mutschler E

Address

 

Source

Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 1985, 29:1, 109-13

Abstract

Griseofulvin and 6-demethylgriseofulvin (6-DMG) in plasma, suction blister fluid (SBF) and cantharides blister fluid (CBF) and urinary excretion of 6-DMG, were evaluated following administration of single oral doses of an ultramicrosize and a microsize formulation of griseofulvin to 6 healthy volunteers. The bioavailability of griseofulvin was higher following the ultramicrosize formulation when 64% of the dose was recovered (via metabolites) versus 52% after the microsize preparation. Penetration into skin blister fluid was delayed as compared to plasma levels; the peak concentration in plasma was observed at 3-4 h, whereas griseofulvin in CBF increased up to 6 h. The terminal half-live was calculated from plasma levels to 9.3 h. The half-lives calculated from SBF and CBF concentrations were 9.2 and 9.8 h, respectively, (n = 5). In plasma 84% of griseofulvin was bound to proteins, predominantly to albumin; binding in SBF and CBF was 72 and 82%, respectively. 3 h after drug administration the free concentration in plasma significantly exceeded the free concentrations in SBF and CBF. Distribution equilibrium between plasma and skin blister fluid was observed after 27 h. Thus, during chronic administration, the plasma griseofulvin level should reflect its concentration in the target organ.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

86030435

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blister|*ME; Griseofulvin|AA/AD/BL/*ME; Skin|*ME

MeSH Heading

Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Proteins|ME; Exudates and Transudates|ME; Female; Human; Male; Protein Binding; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0031-6970

Country of Publication

GERMANY, WEST

Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis.

Author

Bailey P; Robitaille Y

Address

 

Source

Can J Neurol Sci, 1985 Aug, 12:3, 278-81

Abstract

A review of the literature on primary diffuse meningeal gliomatosis (DMG) yielded three cases and we report a fourth. DMG is a syndrome characterized by extensive basal and spinal chronic meningitis with mental confusion, headaches, diplopia, papilledema and cranial nerve palsies. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a markedly elevated protein content, moderate mononuclear pleocytosis and a normal or low glucose. This picture invariably leads to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous or fungal meningitis despite persistently negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures. Reaction of exfoliated CSF cells with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoperoxidase labelled antibody is suggested as a diagnostic tool. A basal meningeal biopsy appears to be the only alternative diagnostic approach.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

86027533

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Meninges|*PA; Neuroglia|*PA

MeSH Heading

Case Report; Central Nervous System Diseases|DI/PA/RA; Diagnosis, Differential; Glioma|DI; Human; Male; Meningeal Neoplasms|DI; Middle Age; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0317-1671

Country of Publication

CANADA

Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Nickel release from metals, and a case of allergic contact dermatitis from stainless steel.

Author

Kanerva L; Sipiläinen Malm T; Estlander T; Zitting A; Jolanki R; Tarvainen K

Address

Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.

Source

Contact Dermatitis, 1994 Nov, 31:5, 299-303

Abstract

The prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nickel is increasing. The probable cause is the increased use of nickel-containing metals in intimate contact with the skin. The critical factor is the amount of nickel released from these metals (bioavailable nickel) onto the skin. In the present study, we determined, with flame atomic absorbtion spectrometry, the amount of nickel released into synthetic sweat from metal samples. The results of this method were compared with the results of the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test, which is considered to be a reliable means of identifying whether nickel-containing metals may cause allergy symptoms in sensitive individuals. Out of 10 samples studied, only small amounts (< 0.5 microgram/cm2/week) were released from 2 samples, and the DMG test was negative. From 5 samples, more than 0.5 microgram/cm2/week was released, and the DMG test was positive. For 3 samples, however, the DMG test was negative, though the flame atomic absorption spectrometry test showed considerable release of nickel. Therefore, although the DMG test can be used as a first line test for determining nickel release, some DMG-negative metal materials probably induce nickel sensitization, and should by no means be advertised as safe in this respect. We also report a nickel-allergic patient who developed ACD from stainless steel, indicating that some types of stainless steel release enough nickel to elicit allergic symptoms.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

95171725

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact|*ET; Nickel|*AE/AN/*CH; Stainless Steel|*CH

MeSH Heading

Case Report; Comparative Study; Diffusion; Human; Male; Oximes|DU; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Sweat|CH

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0105-1873

Country of Publication

DENMARK

Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

N,N-dimethylglycyl-amido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-desoxytetracycline, two new glycylcyclines highly effective against tetracycline-resistant gram-positive cocci.

Author

Goldstein FW; Kitzis MD; Acar JF

Address

Laboratoire de Microbiologie MÆedicale, HÈopital Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.

Source

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994 Sep, 38:9, 2218-20

Abstract

The in vitro activities of the N,N-dimethylglycyl-amino derivative of minocycline (DMG-MINO) and 6-dimethyl-6-dexoxytetracycline (DMG-DMDOT), members of a new generation of tetracyclines, were evaluated by an agar dilution method and were compared with those of tetracycline and minocycline against 224 tetracycline-resistant and 73 tetracycline-susceptible recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci, including multiple-antibiotic-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MICs of DMG-MINO and DMG-DMDOT were up to 500- to 2,000-fold lower than those of tetracycline against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC for 50% of strains tested [MIC50], < 0.06 microgram/ml). Against Streptococcus groups A, B, C, and G and Enterococcus faecalis, the MIC50 was 0.5 microgram/ml. MIC50s were greater only for coagulase-negative staphylococci (2 micrograms/ml). These data indicate that DMG-MINO and DMG-DMDOT are very potent drugs, and further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

95110102

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Gram-Positive Cocci|*DE; Minocycline|*AA/PD; Tetracycline Resistance|*; Tetracyclines|*PD

MeSH Heading

Coagulase|ME; Comparative Study; Human; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus|DE/EN; Streptococcus|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tetracycline|PD

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0066-4804

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the glycylcyclines.

Author

Whittington WL; Roberts MC; Hale J; Holmes KK

Address

Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.

Source

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1995 Aug, 39:8, 1864-5

Abstract

To assess the activities of two glycylcyclines, N,N-dimethylglycylamido (DMG) derivatives of minocycline (MINO) and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline (DMDOT), 203 gonococcal isolates recovered at six sexually transmitted disease clinics in the western United States were evaluated. Antimicrobial susceptibilities to tetracycline HCl, doxycycline, MINO, DMG-DMDOT, and DMG-MINO were determined by agar dilution tests. DMG-DMDOT and DMG-MINO were more active than tetracycline HCl, doxycycline, or MINO regardless of the presence of Tet M or of chromosomal mutations mediating tetracycline resistance (P < 0.001).

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

96100766

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae|*DE; Tetracyclines|*PD

MeSH Heading

Gonorrhea|MI; Human; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Minocycline|AA/PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tetracycline Resistance

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0066-4804

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Oxygen toxicity as a function of time and PO2.

Author

Arieli R

Address

Israeli Naval Hyperbaric Institute, Haifa, Israel.

Source

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol, 1994 Jan, 5:1, 67-87

Abstract

The quantification of O2 toxicity as a function of exposure time (t) and PO2 has been based mainly on the empirical rectangular hyperbola. The non-linear response of the O2-damaged physiological variable (DMG) as a function of time at constant PO2 can be related to the dependence of dDMG/dt on the DMG. The kinetics of the O2-derived chemical species suggests a power relationship between the DMG and PO2 rather than a linear relationship. The combination of time and PO2 considerations suggests two models: 1) DMG = a(ebt - 1) PO2c and 2) DMG = a.tbPO2c, where a, b and c are constant. Non-linear regression of the different parameters of O2 toxicity showed a preference for model 2, with b = 2. Possible mechanisms underlying the kinetics of O2 toxicity and the use of the equation for its prediction are discussed.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

96331585

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Oxygen|*TO

MeSH Heading

Animal; Anura; Cell Membrane Permeability|PH; Comparative Study; Free Radicals|AE; Haplorhini; Human; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Oxygen Consumption|PH; Partial Pressure; Pulmonary Alveoli|ME/PH; Pulmonary Edema|PP; Ranidae; Rats; Regression Analysis

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0334-1534

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

1H NMR determination of urinary betaine in patients with premature vascular disease and mild homocysteinemia.

Author

Lundberg P; Dudman NP; Kuchel PW; Wilcken DE

Address

Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Source

Clin Chem, 1995 Feb, 41:2, 275-83

Abstract

Urinary N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine) and N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) have been identified and quantified for clinical purposes by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) measurement in previous studies. We have assessed these procedures by using both one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D NMR spectroscopy, together with pH titration of urinary extracts to help assign 1H NMR spectral peaks. The betaine calibration curve linearity was excellent (r = 0.997, P = 0.0001) over the concentration range 0.2-1.2 mmol/L, and CVs for replicate betaine analyses ranged from 7% (n = 10) at the lowest concentration to 1% (n = 9) at the highest. The detection limit for betaine was < 15 mumol/L. Urinary DMG concentrations were substantially lower than those of betaine. Urinary betaine and DMG concentrations measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy from 13 patients with premature vascular disease and 17 normal controls provided clinically pertinent data. We conclude that 1H NMR provides unique advantages as a research tool for determination of urinary betaine and DMG concentrations.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

95179851

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Betaine|*UR; Homocysteine|*BL; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance|*; Vascular Diseases|*UR

MeSH Heading

Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors|UR; Creatinine|UR; Glycine|UR; Human; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Regression Analysis; Sarcosine|AA/UR; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0009-9147

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Copper in biological systems. A report from the 6th Manziana Conference, September 23-27, 1990.

Author

Beinert H

Address

Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226.

Source

J Inorg Biochem, 1991 Nov, 44:3, 173-218

Abstract

Enzymes and proteins: AO, amine oxidase; and as proposed in reference 3, BSAO, bovine serum AO; SSAO, swine serum AO; SKDAO, swine kidney AO; PSAO, pea seedling AO; APAO, arthrobacter P1AO; MADH, methylamine dehydrogenase; AAO, ascorbic acid oxidase; alpha-AE, alpha-amidating enzyme; Az, azurin; COX, cytochrome c oxidase; CP, ceruloplasmin; DBH, dopamine beta-hydroxylase; GO, galactose oxidase; Hc, hemocyanin; MT, metallotheonein; NIR, nitrite reductase; SOD, superoxide dismutase. Cofactors: Dopa, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine; Topa, 3,4,6 trihydroxyphenyl-alanine; PLP, pyridoxal-phosphate; PQQ, pyrroloquinolinequinone. Reagents: DDC, diethyldithiocarbamate; DMG, diaminoguanidine; DMSA, dimercaptosuccinic acid; NTA, nitrilotriacetic acid. Technique-related: XANES, x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy; EXAFS, extended x-ray absorption fine structure; ENDOR, electron-nuclear double resonance; ESEEM, electron spin echo envelope modulation; CD, circular dichroism; MCD, magnetic circular dichroism; NMRD, nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion; nqi, nuclear quadrupole interaction; DSC, differential scanning calorimetry.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

92099076

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Copper|*CH; Enzymes|*CH; Proteins|*CH

MeSH Heading

Amino Acid Sequence; Animal; Base Sequence; Ceruloplasmin|CH; Hemocyanin|CH; Human; Metallothionein|CH; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidoreductases|CH; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Publication Type

CONGRESSES; REVIEW; REVIEW, ACADEMIC

ISSN

0162-0134

Country of Publication

UNITED STATES

Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Dynamic and static approaches to clinical data mining.

Author

McSherry D

Address

School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK. dmg.mcsherry@ulst.ac.uk

Source

Artif Intell Med, 1999 May, 16:1, 97-115

Abstract

In sequential diagnosis, the usefulness of a test can be assessed only in the context of a chosen diagnostic strategy, and depends on the evidence provided by previous test results. Choosing the most useful test at each stage of the evidence-gathering process therefore requires a dynamic approach to data analysis. An implementation of such an approach in an intelligent program for sequential diagnosis based on the evidence-gathering strategies used by doctors is described. On the other hand, a static approach to data analysis is appropriate in the discovery of knowledge required, for example, to explain or justify a diagnosis by identifying the most important findings, both positive and negative, on which the diagnosis is based. An algorithm for the discovery of features which always provide evidence in favour of, or against, a diagnosis selected by the data miner is presented. Dominance relationships among features in the data set are also discovered such that if one feature dominates another, it always provides more evidence in favour of the diagnosis, or less evidence against it.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

99239854

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Artificial Intelligence|*; Databases, Factual|*; Medical Records Systems, Computerized|*

MeSH Heading

Abdominal Pain|DI; Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Human; Infant; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0933-3657

Country of Publication

NETHERLANDS

Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Influence of light irradiation on the volumetric change of polyacid-modified resin composites.

Author

Miyazaki M; Fukuishi K; Onose H

Address

Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. miyazaki-m@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp

Source

J Dent, 1999 Feb, 27:2, 149-53

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Recently, a new restorative material called a 'compomer', which is classified as a polyacid-modified resin composite, has become available. The volumetric shrinkage of compomers may create marginal gaps that influence the bonding ability and longevity of a restoration. Since compomers have been introduced recently, their volumetric change during curing is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the volumetric change of compomers. METHODS: Three compomers, Compoglass (Vivadent), Dyract (Dentsply), and Ionosit Fil (DMG) were employed. The material was placed into a Teflon mould, 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm height, and extruded into the dilatometer. Then the specimens were light activated and the change in the height of the meniscus of water was recorded using a CCD camera and VRC. RESULTS: The average volumetric shrinkages of the compomers after 160 s were 2.4% for Compoglass, 2.7% for Dyract, and 2.1% for Ionosit-Fil. For all materials tested, there was a tendency of increasing volumetric shrinkage with increased irradiation time. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the volumetric change of compomer is influenced by the duration of light exposure, light intensity, and environmental conditions to which the materials are exposed.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

99170867

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Composite Resins|CH/*RE; Glass Ionomer Cements|CH/*RE

MeSH Heading

Chemistry, Physical; Dental Bonding; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Evaluation Studies; Human; Light; Materials Testing; Methacrylates|CH/RE; Resins, Synthetic|CH/RE; Silicates|CH/RE; Surface Properties; Time Factors

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0300-5712

Country of Publication

ENGLAND

Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Nickel release from tools on the Swedish market.

Author

Lidén C; Röndell E; Skare L; Nalbanti A

Address

Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.

Source

Contact Dermatitis, 1998 Sep, 39:3, 127-31

Abstract

Nickel allergy in women has been thoroughly studied: its prevalence, the most important sources of sensitization, and risk factors for elicitation of dermatitis. Preventive measures have also been introduced. Nickel allergy in men has not, however, been equally focused on. Based on clinical experience, some publications indicating that tools may be a risk factor for nickel allergy and hand eczema in men, and the fact that large occupational groups regularly use tools, we decided to carry out a study, of the prevalence on the market of tools that release nickel. 27% of 565 hand-held tools with metal parts that come into contact with the skin were found to be dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test positive. Release of nickel and other metals into artificial sweat and composition of metals on the surface and in the base alloy were also studied. It is suggested that tool producers should consider nickel allergy and avoid nickel-releasing materials, and that analytical methods, relevant for nickel release from tools, should be further developed.

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

98442984

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Dermatitis, Allergic Contact|*ET; Dermatitis, Occupational|*ET; Hand Dermatoses|*ET; Irritants|*AE; Nickel|*AE/*AN; Occupational Exposure|*AE

MeSH Heading

Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Sweden

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0105-1873

Country of Publication

DENMARK

Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

The daytime glucose profile as a standardized model for metabolic management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

Author

Thurnau GR; Payne GG Jr

Address

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City.

Source

Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 1991 Jan, 34:1, 21-5

Abstract

On the basis of normative data from non-diabetic gravidae, the daytime glucose profile (DGP) is introduced as a model for insulin management of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. The DGP employs four preprandial (target level = 70 mg/dl) and three 1-h postprandial glucose determinations (target level = 140 mg/dl). Insulin changes are based on a simple equation applied to individual glucose value difference between the patient (P) and target (T) levels (P - T/20). With the aid of this model, the average (+/- SD) of the daytime mean plasma glucose (DMG) levels of 22 pregnant women requiring insulin treatment (183 +/- 36 mg/dl) approached normalization (114 +/- 15 mg/dl) after 2-7 profile determinations (median = 3.5).

Language of Publication

English

Unique Identifier

91106601

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MeSH Heading (Major)

Blood Glucose|AN/*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|ME/*TH; Insulin|*TU; Pregnancy in Diabetes|ME/*TH

MeSH Heading

Female; Human; Pregnancy

Publication Type

JOURNAL ARTICLE

ISSN

0020-7292

Country of Publication

IRELAND

Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
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Title

Nickel release from stainless steels.

Author

Haudrechy P; Mantout B; Frappaz A; Rousseau D; Chabeau G; Faure M; Claudy A

Address

Ugine Research Centre, France.

Source

Contact Dermatitis, 1997 Sep, 37:3, 113-7

Abstract

In 1994, a study of nickel release and allergic contact dermatitis from nickel-plated metals and stainless steels was published in this journal. It was shown that low-sulfur stainless steel grades like AISI 304, 316L or 430 (S < or = 0.007%) release less than 0.03 microgram/cm2/week of nickel in acid artificial sweat and elicit no reactions in patients already sensitized to nickel. In contrast, nickel-plated samples release around 100 micrograms/cm2/week of Ni and high-sulfur stainless steel (AISI 303-S approximately 0.3%) releases about 1.5 micrograms/cm2/week in this acid artificial sweat. Applied on patients sensitized to nickel, these metals elicit positive reactions in 96% and 14%, respectively, of the patients. The main conclusion was that low-sulfur stainless steels like AISI 304, 316L or 430, even when containing Ni, should not elicit nickel contact dermatitis, while metals having a mean corrosion resistance like a high-sulfur stainless steel (AISI 303) or nickel-plated steel sh